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1. Identificação
Tipo de ReferênciaArtigo em Revista Científica (Journal Article)
Sitemtc-m21b.sid.inpe.br
Código do Detentorisadg {BR SPINPE} ibi 8JMKD3MGPCW/3DT298S
Identificador8JMKD3MGP5W34M/3FA44KE
Repositóriosid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2013/11.26.16.45.03
Última Atualização2015:03.13.15.41.02 (UTC) administrator
Repositório de Metadadossid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2013/11.26.16.45.05
Última Atualização dos Metadados2018:06.04.03.14.05 (UTC) administrator
DOI10.1175/2013BAMSStateoftheClimate.1
ISSN0003-0007
Rótuloscopus 2013-11
Chave de CitaçãoAchbergerAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDJDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDEEEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHIIJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNOOOOOOOPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQQRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVVVVVVVWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWXYYYZZZZZZZ:2013:StCl20
TítuloState of the climate in 2012
Ano2013
MêsAug.
Data de Acesso18 maio 2024
Tipo de Trabalhojournal article
Tipo SecundárioPRE PI
Número de Arquivos1
Tamanho35631 KiB
2. Contextualização
Autor  1 Achberger, C.
  2 Ackerman, S. A.
  3 Albanil, A.
  4 Alexander, P.
  5 Alfaro, E. J.
  6 Allan, R.
  7 Alves, Lincoln M.
  8 Amador, J. A.
  9 Ambenje, P.
 10 Andrianjafinirina, S.
 11 Antonov, J.
 12 Aravequia, J. A.
 13 Arendt, A.
 14 Arévalo, J.
 15 Arndt, D. S.
 16 Ashik, I.
 17 Atheru, Z.
 18 Banzon, V.
 19 Baringer, M. O.
 20 Barreira, S.
 21 Barriopedro, D. E.
 22 Beard, G.
 23 Becker, A.
 24 Behrenfeld, M. J.
 25 Bell, G. D.
 26 Benedetti, A.
 27 Bernhard, G.
 28 Berrisford, P.
 29 Berry, D. I.
 30 Bhatt, U.
 31 Bidegain, M.
 32 Bindoff, N.
 33 Bissolli, P.
 34 Blake, E. S.
 35 Blunden, J.
 36 Booneeady, R.
 37 Bosilovich, M.
 38 Box, J. E.
 39 Boyer, T.
 40 Braathen, G. O.
 41 Bromwich, D. H.
 42 Brown, R.
 43 Brown, L.
 44 Bruhwiler, L.
 45 Bulygina, O. N.
 46 Burgess, D.
 47 Burrows, J.
 48 Calderón, B.
 49 Camargo, S. J.
 50 Campbell, J.
 51 Cao, Y.
 52 Cappelen, J.
 53 Carrasco, G.
 54 Chambers, D. P.
 55 Chang'A, L.
 56 Chappell, P.
 57 Chehade, W.
 58 Cheliah, M.
 59 Christiansen, H. H.
 60 Christy, J. R.
 61 Ciais, P.
 62 Coelho, C. A. S.
 63 Cogley, J. G.
 64 Colwell, S.
 65 Cross, J. N.
 66 Crouch, J.
 67 Cunningham, S. A.
 68 Dacic, M.
 69 De Jeu, R. A. M.
 70 Dekaa, F. S.
 71 Demircan, M.
 72 Derksen, C.
 73 Diamond, H. J.
 74 Dlugokencky, E. J.
 75 Dohan, K.
 76 Dolman, A. J.
 77 Domingues, C. M.
 78 Dong, S.
 79 Dorigo, W. A.
 80 Drozdov, D. S.
 81 Duguay, C. R.
 82 Dunn, R. J. H.
 83 Dúran-Quesada, A. M.
 84 Dutton, G. S.
 85 Ehmann, C.
 86 Elkins, J. W.
 87 Euscátegui, C.
 88 Famiglietti, J. S.
 89 Fang, F.
 90 Fauchereau, N.
 91 Feely, R. A.
 92 Fekete, B. M.
 93 Fenimore, C.
 94 Fioletov, V. E.
 95 Fogarty, C. T.
 96 Fogt, R. L.
 97 Folland, C. K.
 98 Foster, M. J.
 99 Frajka-Williams, E.
100 Franz, B. A.
101 Frith, S. H.
102 Frolov, I.
103 Ganter, C.
104 Garzoli, S.
105 Geai, M. -L.
106 Gerland, S.
107 Gitau, W.
108 Gleason, K. L.
109 Gobron, N.
110 Goldenberg, S. B.
111 Goni, G.
112 Good, S. A.
113 Gottschalck, J.
114 Gregg, M. C.
115 Griffiths, G.
116 Grooß, J. -U.
117 Guard, C. C.
118 Gupta, S. K.
119 Hall, B. D.
120 Halpert, M. S.
121 Harada, Y.
122 Hauri, C.
123 Heidinger, A. K.
124 Heikkilä, A.
125 Heim Jr., R. R.
126 Heimbach, P.
127 Hidalgo, H. G.
128 Hilburn, K.
129 Ho, S. -P.
130 Hobbs, W. R.
131 Holgate, S.
132 Hovsepyan, A.
133 Hu, Z. -Z.
134 Hughes, P.
135 Hurst, D. F.
136 Ingvaldsen, R.
137 Inness, A.
138 Jaimes, E.
139 Jakobsson, M.
140 James, A. I.
141 Jeffries, M. O.
142 Johns, W. E.
143 Johnsen, B.
144 Johnson, G. C.
145 Johnson, B.
146 Jones, L. T.
147 Jumaux, G.
148 Kabidi, K.
149 Kaiser, J. W.
150 Kamga, A.
151 Kang, K. -K.
152 Kanzow, T. O.
153 Kao, H. -Y.
154 Keller, L. M.
155 Kennedy, J. J.
156 Key, J.
157 Khatiwala, S.
158 Kheyrollah Pour, H.
159 Kholodov, A. L.
160 Khoshkam, M.
161 Kijazi, A.
162 Kikuchi, T.
163 Kim, B. -M.
164 Kim, S. -J.
165 Kimberlain, T. B.
166 Knaff, J. A.
167 Korshunova, N. N.
168 Koskela, T.
169 Kousky, V. E.
170 Kramarova, N.
171 Kratz, D. P.
172 Krishfield, R.
173 Kruger, A.
174 Kruk, M. C.
175 Kumar, A.
176 Lagerloef, G. S. E.
177 Lakkala, K.
178 Lander, M. A.
179 Landsea, C. W.
180 Lankhorst, M.
181 Laurila, T.
182 Lazzara, M. A.
183 Lee, C.
184 Leuliette, E.
185 Levitus, S.
186 L'Heureux, M.
187 Lieser, J.
188 Lin, I. -I.
189 Liu, Y. Y.
190 Liu, Y.
191 Liu, H.
192 Liu, Y.
193 Lobato-Sánchez, R.
194 Locarnini, R.
195 Loeb, N. G.
196 Loeng, H.
197 Long, C. S.
198 Lorrey, A. M.
199 Luhunga, P.
200 Lumpkin, R.
201 Luo, J. -J.
202 Lyman, J. M.
203 Macdonald, A. M.
204 Maddux, B. C.
205 Malekela, C.
206 Manney, G.
207 Marchenko, S. S.
208 Marengo, José Antonio
209 Marotzke, J.
210 Marra, J. J.
211 Martínez-Güingla, R.
212 Massom, R. A.
213 Mathis, J. T.
214 McBride, C.
215 McCarthy, G.
216 McVicar, T. R.
217 Mears, C.
218 Meier, W.
219 Meinen, C. S.
220 Menéndez, M.
221 Merrifield, M. A.
222 Mitchard, E.
223 Mitchum, G. T.
224 Montzka, S. A.
225 Morcrette, J. -J.
226 Mote, T.
227 Mühle, J.
228 Mühr, B.
229 Mullan, A. B.
230 Müller, R.
231 Nash, E. R.
232 Nerem, R. S.
233 Newlin, M. L.
234 Newman, P. A.
235 Ng'Ongolo, H.
236 Nieto, J. J.
237 Nishino, S.
238 Nitsche, H.
239 Noetzli, J.
240 Oberman, N. G.
241 Obregón, A.
242 Ogallo, L. A.
243 Oludhe, C. S.
244 Omar, M. I.
245 Overland, J.
246 Oyunjargal, L.
247 Parinussa, R. M.
248 Park, G. -H.
249 Park, E. -H.
250 Parker, D.
251 Pasch, R. J.
252 Pascual-Ramírez, R.
253 Pelto, M. S.
254 Penalba, O.
255 Peng, L.
256 Perovich, D. K.
257 Pezza, A. B.
258 Phillips, D.
259 Pickart, R.
260 Pinty, B.
261 Pitts, M. C.
262 Purkey, S. G.
263 Quegan, S.
264 Quintana, J.
265 Rabe, B.
266 Rahimzadeh, F.
267 Raholijao, N.
268 Raiva, I.
269 Rajeevan, M.
270 Ramiandrisoa, V.
271 Ramos, A.
272 Ranivoarissoa, S.
273 Rayner, N. A.
274 Rayner, D.
275 Razuveav, V. N.
276 Reagan, J.
277 Reid, P.
278 Renwick, J.
279 Revedekar, J.
280 Richter-Menge, J.
281 Rivera, I. L.
282 Robinson, D. A.
283 Rodell, M.
284 Romanovsky, V. E.
285 Ronchail, J.
286 Rosenlof, K. H.
287 Sabine, C. L.
288 Salvador, M. A.
289 Sánchez-Lugo, A.
290 Santee, M. L.
291 Sasgen, I.
292 Sawaengphokhai, P.
293 Sayouri, A.
294 Scambos, T. A.
295 Schauer, U.
296 Schemm, J.
297 Schlosser, P.
298 Schmid, C.
299 Schreck, C.
300 Semiletov, I.
301 Send, U.
302 Sensoy, S.
303 Setzer, A.
304 Severinghaus, J.
305 Shakhova, N.
306 Sharp, M.
307 Shiklomanov, N. I.
308 Siegel, D. A.
309 Silva, V. B. S.
310 Silva, F. D. S.
311 Sima, F.
312 Simeonov, P.
313 Simmonds, I.
314 Simmons, A.
315 Skansi, M.
316 Smeed, D. A.
317 Smethie, W. M.
318 Smith, A. B.
319 Smith, C.
320 Smith, S. L.
321 Smith, T. M.
322 Sokolov, V.
323 Srivastava, A. K.
324 Stackhouse Jr., P. W.
325 Stammerjohn, S.
326 Steele, M.
327 Steffen, K.
328 Steinbrecht, W.
329 Stephenson, T.
330 Su, J.
331 Svendby, T.
332 Sweet, W.
333 Takahashi, T.
334 Tanabe, R. M.
335 Taylor, M. A.
336 Tedesco, M.
337 Teng, W. L.
338 Thépaut, J. -N.
339 Thiaw, W. M.
340 Thoman, R.
341 Thompson, P.
342 Thorne, P. W.
343 Timmermans, M. -L.
344 Tobin, S.
345 Toole, J.
346 Trewin, B. C.
347 Trigo, R. M.
348 Trotman, A.
349 Tschudi, M.
350 Van De Wal, R. S. W.
351 Van Der Werf, G. R.
352 Vautard, R.
353 Vazquez, J. L.
354 Vieira, G.
355 Vincent, L.
356 Vose, R. S.
357 Wagner, W. W.
358 Wahr, J.
359 Walsh, J.
360 Wang, J.
361 Wang, C.
362 Wang, M.
363 Wang, S. -H.
364 Wang, L.
365 Wanninkhof, R.
366 Weaver, S.
367 Weber, M.
368 Werdell, P. J.
369 Whitewood, R.
370 Wijffels, S.
371 Wilber, A. C.
372 Wild, J. D.
373 Willett, K. M.
374 Williams, W.
375 Willis, J. K.
376 Wolken, G.
377 Wong, T.
378 Woodgate, R.
379 Worthy, D.
380 Wouters, B.
381 Wovrosh, A. J.
382 Xue, Y.
383 Yamada, R.
384 Yin, Z.
385 Yu, L.
386 Zhang, L.
387 Zhang, P.
388 Zhao, L.
389 Zhao, J.
390 Zhong, W.
391 Ziemke, J.
392 Zimmermann, S.
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 91 CPT-CPT-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR
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Afiliação  1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
  2 Dirección Nacional de Meteorología, División de Climatología, Uruguay
  3 University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
  4 Environment Canada, Canadian Hurricane Centre, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
  5 King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  6 AOS/CIMSS University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
  7 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
  8 King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  9 Turkish State Meteorological Service, Kalaba, Ankara, Turkey
 10 Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia
 11 Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados; Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
 12 Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
 13 Department of Geography, University of Lisbon, Portugal
 14 Department of Physics, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
 15 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
 16 Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States
 17 Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
 18 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
 19 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
 20 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada
 21 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
 22 Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, United States
 23 Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
 24 School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
 25 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
 26 Beijing Climate Center, Beijing, China
 27 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Lanzhou, China
 28 Beijing Climate Center, Beijing, China
 29 Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
 30 Department of Geography, University of Lisbon, Portugal
 31 National Meteorological Service of Mexico, Mexico
 32 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY, United States; Center for Geophysical Research, School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
 33 Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom
 34 Centro de Ciencias Do Sistema Terrestre (CCST), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
 35 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
 36 Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD), Nairobi, Kenya
 37 Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale de Madagascar, Tananarive, Madagascar; NOAA/NESDIS National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
 38 Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados
 39 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States
 40 NOAA/NESDIS National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
 41 Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
 42 Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
 43 Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela (INAMEH), Caracas, Venezuela
 44 NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, United States
 45 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 46 IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), Nairobi, Kenya
 47 King's College London, London, United Kingdom
 48 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
 49 Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 50 Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
 51 Bureau of Meteorology, Australia
 52 Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany
 53 Oregon State University, OR, United States
 54 NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States
 55 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
 56 Biospherical Instruments, San Diego, CA, United States
 57 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
 58 Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Australia; CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Laboratories, Hobart, Australia
 59 Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany
 60 NOAA/NWS National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL, United States
 61 Mauritius Meteorological Services, NASA/GSFC, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, United States
 62 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
 63 Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
 64 WMO Atmospheric Environment Research Division, Geneva, Switzerland
 65 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
 66 Environment Canada, Climate Research Division, Montreal, QC, Canada
 67 Climate Research Division, Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada
 68 NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States
 69 Russian Institute for Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Russian Federation
 70 Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
 71 University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
 72 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
 73 Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela (INAMEH), Caracas, Venezuela
 74 Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
 75 NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States
 76 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
 77 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
 78 Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
 79 Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia (SENAMHI), La Paz, Bolivia
 80 College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
 81 AOS/CIMSS University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
 82 King's College London, London, United Kingdom
 83 Tanzania Meteorological Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
 84 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
 85 Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela (INAMEH), Caracas, Venezuela
 86 University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, Germany
 87 NASA/GSFC, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, United States
 88 Geology Department, University Centre in Svalbard, UNIS, Norway
 89 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
 90 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNR-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
 91 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
 92 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
 93 Department of Geography, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
 94 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom
 95 School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
 96 AOS/CIMSS University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
 97 Dirección Nacional de Meteorología, División de Climatología, Uruguay
 98 Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
 99 Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom
100 Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom
101 Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States
102 Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
103 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
104 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
105 Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
106 Turkish State Meteorological Service, Ankara, Turkey
107 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
108 Environment Canada, Climate Research Division, Toronto, ON, Canada
109 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
110 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
111 AOS/CIMSS University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
112 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
113 Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados
114 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
115 NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
116 Earth and Space Research, Seattle, WA, United States
117 Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, United States
118 Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela (INAMEH), Caracas, Venezuela
119 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
120 Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
121 WMO Atmospheric Environment Research Division, Geneva, Switzerland
122 Dirección Nacional de Meteorología, División de Climatología, Uruguay
123 Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tumen, Russian Federation
124 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
125 Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
126 King's College London, London, United Kingdom
127 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
128 Institute for Meteorology und Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
129 Instituto de Hidrología de Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (IDEAM), Bogotá, Colombia
130 Department for Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
131 Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (ADNET), NASA, Greenbelt, MD, United States
132 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
133 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
134 Tanzania Meteorological Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
135 Oceanography Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosh, South Africa
136 Beijing Climate Center, Beijing, China
137 NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, United States
138 CUNY Environmental CrossRoads Initiative, City College of New York at CUNY, New York, NY, United States
139 Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
140 Department of Geography, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Environment Canada, Measurements and Analysis Research Section, Toronto, ON, Canada
141 Department of Geography, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
142 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
143 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNR-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
144 Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela (INAMEH), Caracas, Venezuela
145 Beijing Climate Center, Beijing, China
146 Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia
147 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
148 Beijing Climate Center, Beijing, China; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
149 Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
150 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Italy
151 College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
152 Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
153 Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
154 NOAA/NWS Weather Forecast Office, Guam
155 AOS/CIMSS University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
156 Science Systems Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, United States
157 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
158 College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
159 Department of Geography, University of Lisbon, Portugal
160 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
161 NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States
162 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
163 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
164 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
165 Centro de Ciencias Do Sistema Terrestre (CCST), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
166 Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, CA, United States
167 UCAR COSMIC, Boulder, CO, United States
168 Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tumen, Russian Federation
169 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
170 Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom
171 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
172 Sea Level Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
173 Climate Research Division, Armstatehydromet, Armenia
174 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
175 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
176 Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
177 Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
178 Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Perú (SENAMHI), Lima, Peru
179 Centro de Ciencias Do Sistema Terrestre (CCST), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
180 Instituto de Hidrología de Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (IDEAM), Bogotá, Colombia
181 Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tumen, Russian Federation
182 Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
183 Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, United States
184 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, United States
185 Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados
186 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
187 Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
188 Météo France, Reunion
189 Direction de la Météorologie Nationale du Maroc, Rabat, Morocco
190 Dirección Nacional de Meteorología, División de Climatología, Uruguay
191 Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
192 African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development, Niamey, Niger
193 University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
194 Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados
195 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
196 Oceanography Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosh, South Africa
197 Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany
198 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
199 NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States
200 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
201 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
202 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNR-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, WI, United States
203 Sea Level Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
204 Islamic Republic of Iranian Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Iran; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
205 NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States
206 Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea; NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Fort Collins, CO, United States
207 Department of Geography, University of Lisbon, Portugal
208 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
209 All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information, World Data Center, Obninsk, Russian Federation
210 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
211 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
212 South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa
213 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNR-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
214 Climate Research Division, Armstatehydromet, Armenia
215 Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
216 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research Centre, Sodankylä, Finland
217 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
218 University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam
219 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
220 Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
221 Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
222 NOAA/NESDIS Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD, United States
223 Oregon State University, OR, United States
224 Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela (INAMEH), Caracas, Venezuela
225 Beijing Climate Center, Beijing, China
226 Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Center (ACE CRC), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
227 Instituto de Hidrología de Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (IDEAM), Bogotá, Colombia
228 National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
229 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
230 NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
231 Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom
232 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
233 Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados
234 Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
235 NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States
236 All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information, World Data Center, Obninsk, Russian Federation
237 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
238 National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
239 NOAA/NWS National Center for Environmental Prediction, College Park, MD, United States
240 Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Melbourne, Australia
241 Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), De Bilt, Netherlands
242 Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
243 Northwest Research Associates, Socorro, NM, United States
244 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States
245 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNR-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
246 Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany
247 NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States
248 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
249 NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
250 AOS/CIMSS University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
251 Centro de Ciencias Do Sistema Terrestre (CCST), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
252 University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
253 Centro Internacional Para la Investigación Del Fenómeno El Niño (CIIFEN), Guayaquil, Ecuador
254 Australian Antarctic Division, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Center (ACE CRC), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
255 Institute for Meteorology und Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
256 CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australia; National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
257 Environmental Hydraulic Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
258 Joint Institute Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
259 Sea Level Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
260 School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
261 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
262 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
263 Lacunosa Weather Services, Karlsruhe, Germany
264 Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
265 Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
266 Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany
267 Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
268 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Italy
269 MIREKO, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
270 Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
271 Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany
272 Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
273 AOS/CIMSS University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
274 Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
275 WMO RA VI Regional Climate Centre on Climate Monitoring, Offenbach, Germany
276 Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados
277 Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
278 Egyptian Meteorological Authority, Cairo, Egypt
279 Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, National Agency for Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Monitoring, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
280 Australian Antarctic Division, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Center (ACE CRC), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
281 King's College London, London, United Kingdom
282 Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), South Korea
283 Nichols College, Dudley, MA, United States
284 Department of Geography, University of Lisbon, Portugal
285 USACE, ERDC, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, United States
286 Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela (INAMEH), Caracas, Venezuela
287 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNR-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
288 Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
289 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
290 Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
291 Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada
292 Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, United States
293 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
294 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Italy
295 Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
296 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
297 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
298 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
299 School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
300 Centre for Terrestrial Climate Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
301 Instituto de Hidrología de Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (IDEAM), Bogotá, Colombia
302 Dirección Meteorológica de Chile, Chile
303 Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
304 Instituto de Hidrología de Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (IDEAM), Bogotá, Colombia
305 Centre for Terrestrial Climate Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
306 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
307 Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran, Iran
308 Direction de la Météorologie Nationale de Madagascar, Tananarive, Madagascar
309 National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India
310 Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
311 Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
312 All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Russian Federation
313 Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, TAS, Australia
314 Beijing Climate Center, Beijing, China
315 Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
316 Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
317 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
318 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
319 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India; Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
320 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
321 Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; University of Paris, Paris, France
322 Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States
323 Instituto Nacional de Meteorología, INMET, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
324 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
325 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States
326 Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, United States
327 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
328 National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
329 Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service, Buenos Aires, Argentina
330 Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
331 Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, NC State University, Asheville, NC, United States
332 International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
333 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
334 National Institute for Space Research, Sao Jose dos Compos-SP, Brazil
335 Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service, Buenos Aires, Argentina
336 Environment Canada, Canadian Hurricane Centre, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
337 Geology Department, University Centre in Svalbard, UNIS, Norway
338 Beijing Climate Center, Beijing, China
339 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
340 Department of Geography, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
341 University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam
342 School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
343 University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
344 NOAA/NWS Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services, Silver Spring, MD, United States
345 Sea Level Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
346 NOAA/NWS Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services, Silver Spring, MD, United States
347 Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany
348 Division of Meteorology, Department of Water Resources, Banjul, Gambia
349 National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
350 School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
351 NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States
352 NOAA/NWS National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL, United States
353 University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
354 Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina
355 Joint Institute Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
356 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
357 Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
358 NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, United States
359 Centre for Terrestrial Climate Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
360 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, CO, United States; NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, United States
361 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
362 Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
363 NOAA/NESDIS National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
364 India Meteorological Department, Pune, India
365 Department of Geography and Anthropology, LA State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
366 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
367 Biospherical Instruments, San Diego, CA, United States
368 Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom
369 Joint Institute Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
370 Center for Geophysical Research, School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
371 Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, United States
372 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
373 AOS/CIMSS University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
374 Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
375 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
376 DWD (German Weather Service), Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
377 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
378 Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, United States
379 University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
380 Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; NOAA/NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, Honolulu, HI, United States
381 School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
382 Tokyo Climate Center, Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
383 NOAA/NWS Central Pacific Hurricane Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
384 Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States
385 Sea Level Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
386 NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, United States
387 NOAA/NWS Weather Forecast OFfice, Fairbanks, AK, United States
388 Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
389 Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
390 Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
391 Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom
392 Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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Endereço de e-Mailmarcelo.pazos@inpe.br
RevistaBulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Volume94
Número8
PáginasS1-S239
Nota SecundáriaA1 A1 A1 A1 A1
Histórico (UTC)2018-06-04 03:14:05 :: administrator -> marcelo.pazos@inpe.br :: 2013
3. Conteúdo e estrutura
É a matriz ou uma cópia?é a matriz
Estágio do Conteúdoconcluido
Transferível1
Tipo do ConteúdoExternal Contribution
Tipo de Versãopublisher
Palavras-ChaveEastern equatorial Pacific
El Nino southern oscillation
Fossil fuel combustion
Global financial crisis
Ozone depleting substances
Sea surface temperature (SST)
Stratospheric temperature
Tropical cyclone activity
Atmospheric radiation
Atmospheric temperature
Atmospherics
Carbon dioxide
Drought
Fuels
Glaciers
Greenhouse gases
Hurricanes
Methane
Nitrogen oxides
Ozone
Ozone layer
Sea ice
Sea level
Snow
Storms
Upper atmosphere
Climatology
ResumoFor the first time in several years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Niña dissipated to ENSO-neutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific uncharacteristically returned to neutral conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Niña-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in global sea level in the first half of 2011 that were linked to the effects of La Niña, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near- or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in the Western North Pacific basin. Of these, Super Typhoon Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7°N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global financial crisis, global CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 ± 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 ± 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, for the first time, the atmospheric CO2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
ÁreaCST
Arranjo 1urlib.net > BDMCI > Fonds > Produção anterior à 2021 > CGCPT > State of the...
Arranjo 2urlib.net > BDMCI > Fonds > Produção anterior à 2021 > COCST > State of the...
Conteúdo da Pasta docacessar
Conteúdo da Pasta sourcenão têm arquivos
Conteúdo da Pasta agreementnão têm arquivos
4. Condições de acesso e uso
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Grupo de Leitoresadministrator
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Visibilidadeshown
Política de Arquivamentodenypublisher6 allowfinaldraft
Permissão de Leituraallow from all
Permissão de Atualizaçãonão transferida
5. Fontes relacionadas
Repositório Espelhoiconet.com.br/banon/2006/11.26.21.31
Unidades Imediatamente Superiores8JMKD3MGPCW/3EUPEJL
8JMKD3MGPCW/3F3T29H
Lista de Itens Citandosid.inpe.br/bibdigital/2013/10.06.18.03 6
sid.inpe.br/bibdigital/2013/10.19.20.40 4
URL (dados não confiáveis)http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90210207&site=ehost-live
DivulgaçãoWEBSCI; PORTALCAPES; MGA; COMPENDEX; SCOPUS.
Acervo Hospedeirosid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2013/09.26.14.25.20
6. Notas
Campos Vaziosalternatejournal archivist callnumber copyholder copyright creatorhistory descriptionlevel format isbn lineage mark nextedition notes orcid parameterlist parentrepositories previousedition previouslowerunit progress project resumeid rightsholder schedulinginformation secondarydate secondarykey session shorttitle sponsor subject targetfile tertiarymark tertiarytype
7. Controle da descrição
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